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※ (주4). The Word is written solely by correspondences, and for this reason each thing and all things in it have a spiritual meaning (n. 1404, 1408, 1409, 1540, 1619, 1659, 1709, 1783, 2900, 9086).

1404

In these things now before us, which are true historicals, all the statements and words both in general and in particular have in the internal sense an entirely different signification from that which they bear in the sense of the letter; but the historicals themselves are representative. Abram, who is first treated of, represents in general the Lord, and specifically the celestial man; Isaac, who is afterwards treated of, in like manner represents in general the Lord, and specifically the spiritual man; Jacob also in general represents the Lord, and specifically the natural man. Thus they represent the things which are of the Lord, of his kingdom, and of the church.

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

9086

소나 나귀가 거기에 빠지면 And an ox or an ass shall fall in there.

That this signifies which perverts good or truth in the natural, is evident from the signification of “to fall,” as being to pervert (of which below); from the signification of “an ox,” as being the affection of evil in the natural, thus evil therein (of which above, n. 9065); and from the signification of “an ass,” as being truth in the natural (n. 2781, 5492, 5741, 7024, 8078). That “to fall into a pit,” when said of good and truth in the natural, which are signified by “ox and ass,” denotes to pervert, is plain from what is contained in the following verse, where amendment by means of truth is treated of, which can be effected with perverted goods and truths, but not with those that have been extinguished; for when good or truth is perverted, it still remains, although explained in a perverted manner.

[2] “To fall” also denotes to fall by mischance. Because this was signified by “falling into a pit,” therefore it was said by the Lord:

또 그들에게 이르시되 너희 중에 누가 그 아들이나 소가 우물에 빠졌으면 안식일에라도 곧 끌어내지 않겠느냐 하시니 (눅14:5) Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fall into a well, and will not straightway draw him out on the Sabbath day? (Luke 14:5).

This was said by the Lord when He healed on the Sabbath day the man who had the dropsy. In that church, the Sabbath day was most holy because it signified the heavenly marriage, which is the conjunction of good and truth from the Lord (n. 8495, 8510); consequently healings were performed by the Lord on the Sabbath day, because “healing” involved the healing of the spiritual life; and the disease of dropsy the perversion of truth and good; thus “healing” involved the amendment and restoration of perverted truth. For all the Lord’s miracles involved and signified states of the church (n. 8364), as in general do all Divine miracles (n. 7337). Hence then it is that the Lord said, “Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fall into a well, and will not straightway draw him out on the Sabbath day?” by which was signified in the spiritual sense what has been said; for whatsoever the Lord spoke, He spoke from the Divine, and therefore there is an internal sense in each word (n. 9048, 9063). By “a well” in this passage the like is signified as by “a pit,” namely, falsity (see n. 1688). And as “a pit” denotes falsity, therefore also when the Lord spoke about the falsities of the church, He said:

그냥 두라 그들은 맹인이 되어 맹인을 인도하는 자로다 만일 맹인이 맹인을 인도하면 둘이 다 구덩이에 빠지리라 하시니 (마15:14) If the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into a pit (Matt. 15:14).

“A blind man” denotes one who is in erroneous ideas; and “falling into a pit” denotes to pervert truth. These things were spoken in comparisons; but in the Word all the comparisons are taken from significatives (n. 3579, 8989).

[3] They who believe that the Divine holiness which is in the Word lies hidden there no deeper than in the sense which appears in the letter, in these and other passages of the Word, see holiness from no other source than from faith that all things of the Word were Divinely inspired, and that there are inexplicable arcana therein known to God alone. But they who are not in this faith despise the Word, merely because the style is in appearance more humble than is the style which is adapted to the genius of the world, such as is to be found with many writers ancient and modern. But let them know that a Divine holiness lies hidden in each and all things of the Word, but it consists in the fact that each and all things treat of the Lord, of His kingdom, and His church. These are things most holy, because they are Divine from the Lord, wherein there is thus eternal life, according to the words of the Lord in John:

살리는 것은 영이니 육은 무익하니라 내가 너희에게 이른 말은 영이요 생명이라 (요6:63) The words that I speak unto you are spirit, and are life (John 6:63).

But these most holy Divine things stand open before the angels in heaven, because these do not apprehend the Word naturally according to the literal sense; but spiritually according to the internal sense. Men also would apprehend the Word according to this sense if they lived an angelic life, that is, a life of faith and love. The things which are contained in the internal sense of the Word are no other than those which the genuine doctrine of the church teaches. The genuine doctrine of the church teaches the Lord, faith in Him, love to Him, and love of the good which is from Him. This love is charity toward the neighbor (n. 6709, 6710, 8123). They who live this life are enlightened by the Lord, and see the holy things of the Word; as by no means do others (see the preface to Genesis 18).

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

9063

그 이에 대한 보상으로 그를 놓아 줄지니라 He shall let him go free for his tooth.

That this signifies that it can no longer serve the internal man, is evident from the signification of “letting go free,” as being to dismiss from service, thus no longer to serve (as above, n. 9061); and from the signification of “tooth,” as being the sensuous (of which just above, n. 9062). How the case herein is can be known from what was shown just above (n. 9061) concerning the state of the internal man when the external has been injured. The case is similar with the sensuous when it is injured, for this is the ultimate in the natural man (that this also must be regenerated in order that the man may be fully regenerated, see n. 6844, 6845, 7645). That these statutes which were enacted concerning the eye and the tooth of a manservant or a maidservant, contain in them arcana which no one can see except by means of the internal sense, can be seen by everyone. For without some secret reason what would be the sense of decreeing that servants should be let go free for their eye or their tooth, and not for the sake of other members, when these should be injured or destroyed? But the secret reason is apparent when it is known what is signified in the spiritual sense by an “eye” and by a “tooth.” When this is known, the reason for the statute comes to light.

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

4442

세겜의 아버지 하몰은 야곱에게 말하러 왔으며 And Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to speak with him.

That this signifies a consultation about the truth of that church is evident from the representation of Hamor the father of Shechem as being the truth of the ancients (see n. 4430, 4431); from the representation of Jacob as being the external ancient church (n. 4439); and from the signification of “speaking with him” as being to consult. Hence by these words is signified a consultation about the truth of that church.

[2] He who does not know that names in the Word signify things will wonder that by the words “Hamor the father of Shechem went out unto Jacob to speak with him” is signified a consultation of the truth of the church that existed among the ancients with the truth that was in accordance with the ancient church that was to be set up anew among the descendants of Jacob; but this will excite no surprise in anyone who knows that such is the nature of the internal sense of the Word, nor in those who have learned from the books of the ancients their manner of writing; for it was customary with them to set forth things as speaking together, such as wisdom, intelligence, knowledges, and the like; and also to give them names by which such things were signified. The gods and demigods of the ancients were nothing else, and so were the personages whom they devised in order to present their subjects in a historical form.

[3] The sages of old took this custom from the ancient church, which was spread over much of the Asiatic world (n. 1238, 2385); for the people of the ancient church set forth sacred things by means of representatives and significatives. The ancient church, however, received this from the mouth of the most ancient people, who were before the flood (n. 920, 1409, 1977, 2896, 2897); and these from heaven, for they had communication with heaven (n. 784, 1114–1125); and the first heaven, which is the last of the three, is in such representatives and significatives. This is the reason why the Word was written in such a style. But the Word has this peculiar feature, not possessed by the writings of the ancients, that each of the subjects in a continuous series represents the celestial and spiritual things of the Lord’s kingdom, and in the supreme sense the Lord himself; even the historicals themselves being of the same character; and—what is more—they are real correspondences, and these continuous through the three heavens from the Lord.

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

2495

That the Word contains within it an internal sense that is not apparent in the letter has already been stated and shown in many places, and the nature of this internal sense appears from all that has thus far been unfolded, beginning with the first chapter of Genesis. Nevertheless as the few who at this day believe in the Word do not know that there is such a sense, it may be well to confirm it further.

[2] The Lord describes the consummation of the age, or the last period of the church, as follows:

그 날 환난 후에 즉시 해가 어두워지며 달이 빛을 내지 아니하며 별들이 하늘에서 떨어지며 하늘의 권능들이 흔들리리라 (마24:29) Immediately after the affliction of those days the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken (Matt. 24:29; Mark 13:24).

그 때에 그 환난 후 해가 어두워지며 달이 빛을 내지 아니하며 (막13:24)

That in this passage the “sun” does not mean the sun, nor the “moon” the moon, nor the “stars” the stars; but that the “sun” signifies love to the Lord and charity toward the neighbor; the “moon” the faith of love and charity; and the “stars” the knowledges of good and truth, was shown above (n. 31–32, 1053, 1521, 1529–1531, 2120, 2441); so that by these words of the Lord there is signified that in the consummation of the age (or last period of the church) there will no longer be any love, or charity, nor therefore any faith.

[3] That this is the meaning is evident from similar words of the Lord in the prophets, as in Isaiah:

9보라 여호와의 날 곧 잔혹히 분냄과 맹렬히 노하는 날이 이르러 땅을 황폐하게 하며 그 중에서 죄인들을 멸하리니 10하늘의 별들과 별 무리가 그 빛을 내지 아니하며 해가 돋아도 어두우며 달이 그 빛을 비추지 아니할 것이로다 (사13:9, 10) Behold, the day of Jehovah cometh, to make the earth a solitude; and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it; for the stars of the heavens and the constellations thereof shall not shine with their light; the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine (Isa. 13:9–10);

where also the last period of the church, or what is the same, the consummation of the age, is treated of. In Joel:

2곧 어둡고 캄캄한 날이요 짙은 구름이 덮인 날이라 새벽 빛이 산 꼭대기에 덮인 것과 같으니 이는 많고 강한 백성이 이르렀음이라 이와 같은 것이 옛날에도 없었고 이후에도 대대에 없으리로다, 10그 앞에서 땅이 진동하며 하늘이 떨며 해와 달이 캄캄하며 별들이 빛을 거두도다 (욜2:2, 10) A day of darkness and of thick darkness, a day of cloud and obscurity, before him the earth quaked, the heavens trembled, the sun and the moon were darkened, and the stars withdrew their shining (Joel 2:2, 10);

with a similar meaning. Again in the same:

여호와의 크고 두려운 날이 이르기 전에 해가 어두워지고 달이 핏빛 같이 변하려니와 (욜2:31) The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and terrible day of Jehovah comes (Joel 2:31).

14사람이 많음이여, 심판의 골짜기에 사람이 많음이여, 심판의 골짜기에 여호와의 날이 가까움이로다 15해와 달이 캄캄하며 별들이 그 빛을 거두도다 (욜3:14, 15) The day of Jehovah is near, the sun and the moon have been darkened, and the stars have withdrawn their shining (Joel 3:14–15).

In Ezekiel:

7내가 너를 불 끄듯 할 때에 하늘을 가리어 별을 어둡게 하며 해를 구름으로 가리며 달이 빛을 내지 못하게 할 것임이여 8하늘의 모든 밝은 빛을 내가 네 위에서 어둡게 하여 어둠을 네 땅에 베풀리로다 주 여호와의 말씀이니라 (겔32:7, 8) When I shall extinguish thee, I will cover the heavens, and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not make her light to shine; all the luminaries of light in the heavens will I make dark, and will set darkness upon thy land (Ezek. 32:7–8).

So too in John:

12내가 보니 여섯째 인을 떼실 때에 큰 지진이 나며 해가 검은 털로 짠 상복 같이 검어지고 달은 온통 피 같이 되며 13하늘의 별들이 무화과나무가 대풍에 흔들려 설익은 열매가 떨어지는 것 같이 땅에 떨어지며 (계6:12, 13) I saw when he opened the sixth seal, and behold there was a great earthquake, and the sun became black as sackcloth of hair, and the moon became as blood, and the stars fell unto the earth (Rev. 6:12, 13).

넷째 천사가 나팔을 부니 해 삼분의 일과 달 삼분의 일과 별들의 삼분의 일이 타격을 받아 그 삼분의 일이 어두워지니 낮 삼분의 일은 비추임이 없고 밤도 그러하더라 (계8:12) The fourth angel sounded, so that the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars, and the third part of them was darkened (Rev. 8:12).

[4] From these passages it is evident that the Lord’s words in the evangelists involve much the same as his words in the prophets, namely, that in the last times there will be neither charity, nor faith; and that this is the internal sense; as also is still further evident in Isaiah:

그 때에 달이 수치를 당하고 해가 부끄러워하리니 이는 만군의 여호와께서 시온 산과 예루살렘에서 왕이 되시고 그 장로들 앞에서 영광을 나타내실 것임이라 (사24:23) The moon shall blush, and the sun shall be ashamed, for Jehovah Zebaoth shall reign in Mount Zion, and in Jerusalem (Isa. 24:23);

that is to say, faith, which is the “moon,” shall blush; and charity, which is the “sun,” shall be ashamed, because they are such; for it cannot be said of the moon and the sun that they shall blush and be ashamed. And in Daniel:

9그 중 한 뿔에서 또 작은 뿔 하나가 나서 남쪽과 동쪽과 또 영화로운 땅을 향하여 심히 커지더니 10그것이 하늘 군대에 미칠 만큼 커져서 그 군대와 별들 중의 몇을 땅에 떨어뜨리고 그것들을 짓밟고 (단8:9, 10) The goat’s horn grew toward the south, and toward the east, and grew even to the army of the heavens, and some of the army and of the stars it cast down to the earth and trampled upon them (Dan. 8:9–10);

where it is plain to everyone that the “army of the heavens” does not signify an “army,” nor the “stars” stars.

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

2395

우리가 멸하리라 For we will destroy this place.

That this signifies that the state of evil in which they were would condemn them is evident from the meaning of “destroying,” when predicated of the Lord, as being in the internal significance to perish by evil, that is, to be condemned; and also from the signification of “this place” as being a state of evil (n. 2393). It is frequently said in the Word that Jehovah “destroys”; but in the internal sense it is meant that man destroys himself; for Jehovah or the Lord destroys no one. But as from the fact of his seeing and regulating all things in both general and particular it appears as if the destruction came from Jehovah or the Lord, it is so expressed in many places in the Word, to the end that men may thereby be kept in a most general idea that all things are under the Lord’s eyes, and all things under his auspices; for if at first they are kept in this idea, they can afterwards be easily instructed. For the explications of the Word as to the internal sense are nothing but particulars that elucidate a general idea.

[2] Another reason why it is so expressed is that they who are in no love are kept in fear, and thereby stand in awe of the Lord, and flee to him for the sake of deliverance. This shows that it does no harm to believe the sense of the letter, even though the internal sense teaches something else, provided that it is done from a simple heart. But these things will be treated of more fully in what follows, at verse 24 (n. 2447), where it is said that Jehovah caused it to rain brimstone and fire upon Sodom and Gomorrah. The angels, being in the internal sense, are so far from thinking that Jehovah destroys anyone that they cannot endure even the idea of such a thing; and therefore when these and other such things are read in the Word by man, the sense of the letter is cast away as it were to the back, and at last passes into this: that evil itself is what destroys man, and that the Lord destroys no one (as may be seen from the example given above in n. 1875).

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

2333

일찍이 일어나 갈 길을 가소서 And in the morning ye shall rise and go on your way.

That this signifies confirmation in good and truth, may be seen from the signification of “rising in the morning,” and also from the signification of “going on the way.” In the Word “morning” signifies the Lord’s kingdom and whatever belongs to the Lord’s kingdom, thus principally the good of love and of charity, as will be confirmed from the Word at verse 15; and a “way” signifies truth (see n. 627); for which reason it is said that after they had been in his house and had passed the night there (by which is signified that they had an abode in the good of charity that was with him), they should “rise in the morning and go on their way,” by which is signified being thereby thus confirmed in good and truth.

[2] From this, as from other passages, it is evident how remote from the sense of the letter, and consequently how much unseen is the internal sense, especially in the historical parts of the Word; and that it does not come to view unless the meaning of every word is unfolded in accordance with its constant signification in the Word. On this account, when the ideas are kept in the sense of the letter, the internal sense appears no otherwise than as something obscure and dark; but on the other hand when the ideas are kept in the internal sense, the sense of the letter appears in like manner obscure, nay, to the angels as nothing. For the angels are no longer in worldly and corporeal things, like those of man, but in spiritual and celestial things, into which the words of the sense of the letter are wonderfully changed, when it ascends from a man who is reading the Word to the sphere in which the angels are, that is, to heaven; and this from the correspondence of spiritual things with worldly, and of celestial things with corporeal. This correspondence is most constant, but its nature has not yet been disclosed until now in the unfolding of the meaning of the words, names, and numbers in the Word, as to the internal sense.

[3] That it may be known what is the nature of this correspondence, or what is the same, how worldly and corporeal ideas pass into corresponding spiritual and celestial ideas when the former are elevated to heaven, take as an example “morning” and “way.” When “morning” is read, as in the passage before us to “rise in the morning,” the angels do not get an idea of any morning of a day, but an idea of morning in the spiritual sense, thus such a one as is described in Samuel: “The rock of Israel he is as the light of the morning when the sun riseth, a morning without clouds” (2 Sam. 23:3, 4); and in Daniel: “The holy one said unto me, Until evening, when morning comes, two thousand three hundred” (Dan. 8:14, 26). Thus instead of “morning” the angels perceive the Lord, or his kingdom, or the heavenly things of love and charity; and these in fact with variety according to the series of things in the Word which is being read.

[4] In like manner where “way” is read—as here, to “go on your way”—they can have no idea of a way, but another idea which is spiritual or celestial, namely, like that in John, where the Lord said: “I am the way and the truth” (John 14:6); and as in David: “Make thy ways known to me, O Jehovah, lead my way in truth” (Ps. 25:4, 5); and in Isaiah: “He made him to know the way of understanding” (Isa. 40:14). Thus instead of “way” the angels perceive truth, and this in both the historical and the prophetical parts of the Word. For the angels no longer care for the historical things, as these are altogether inadequate to their ideas; and therefore in place of them they perceive such things as belong to the Lord and his kingdom, and which also in the internal sense follow on in a beautiful order and well-connected series. For this reason, and also in order that the Word may be for the angels, all the historical things therein are representative, and each of the words is significative of such things; which peculiarity the Word has above all other writing.

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

PREFACE

At the end of the preceding chapter, the subject of the last judgment was treated of, and it was shown what is signified thereby, namely, not the destruction of the world, but the last time of the church. When this is at hand, the Lord says that he “will come in the clouds of the heavens, with power and glory” (Matt. 24:30; Mark 13:26; Luke 21:27).

그 때에 인자의 징조가 하늘에서 보이겠고 그 때에 땅의 모든 족속들이 통곡하며 그들이 인자가 구름을 타고 능력과 큰 영광으로 오는 것을 보리라 (마24:30)

Hitherto no one has known what is meant by the “clouds of the heavens.” But it has been disclosed to me that nothing else is meant than the literal sense of the Word; and by “power and glory” the internal sense of the Word, for in the internal sense of the Word there is glory, since whatever is there is concerning the Lord and his kingdom (see in volume 1, n. 1769–1772).

[2] Similar is the signification of the “cloud” which encompassed Peter, James, and John, when the Lord appeared to them in glory; of which it is said in Luke:

35구름 속에서 소리가 나서 이르되 이는 나의 아들 곧 택함을 받은 자니 너희는 그의 말을 들으라 하고 36소리가 그치매 오직 예수만 보이더라 제자들이 잠잠하여 그 본 것을 무엇이든지 그 때에는 아무에게도 이르지 아니하니라 (눅9:35, 36) A voice came out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved son, hear ye him; but when the voice had passed, Jesus was found alone (Luke 9:35–36),

where by “Moses and Elias,” who spoke with the Lord, was represented the Word of the Old Testament, which is also called “Moses and the prophets” (by “Moses,” his books together with the other historical books, and by “Elias” the prophet, all the books of the prophets); but by “Peter, James, and John,” as in all other places where they are named in the books of the evangelists, were represented faith, charity, and the good of charity. That they only were present signifies that no others can see the glory of the Lord, which is in his Word, than those who are in faith, in its charity, and in the good of charity. Others are indeed able to see, but still do not see, because they do not believe. This is the internal sense in regard to the foregoing two passages; and in various places in the prophets also, a “cloud” signifies the Word in its letter, and “glory” the Word in its life.

[3] The nature and quality of the internal sense of the Word has already been frequently stated, and has been shown in the explication word by word. It was those skilled in the law in the Lord’s time who least of all believed that there was anything written in the Word concerning the Lord. At the present day, those skilled in the law know indeed, but it may be that they will believe least of all that there is any other glory in the Word than that which appears in the letter; when yet this is the cloud in which is the glory.

2135

From this chapter we may see, in an especial manner, what is the nature of the internal sense of the Word, and how the angels perceive it when it is being read by man. From the historical sense of the letter we can understand nothing else than that Jehovah appeared to Abraham under the form of three men; and that Sarah, Abraham, and his lad prepared food for them, namely, cakes made of the meal of fine flour, a “son of an ox,” and also butter and milk; which things, though they are true historicals describing what really took place, are still not so perceived by the angels; but the things which they represent and signify are what are perceived, altogether abstractedly from the letter, in accordance with the explication given in the Contents. Thus, instead of the things historically related in this chapter, the angels perceive the state of the Lord’s perception in the human, and the communication with the Divine at that time, before the perfect union of his Divine essence with the human essence, and of the human essence with the Divine essence, which state is also that concerning which the Lord thus speaks:

본래 하나님을 본 사람이 없으되 아버지 품 속에 있는 독생하신 하나님이 나타내셨느니라 (요1:18) No one hath seen God at any time; the only–begotten son, who is in the bosom of the Father, he hath set him forth (John 1:18).

[2] And by the various kinds of food here mentioned, the angels perceive nothing but celestial and spiritual goods, concerning which see the explication. Moreover, by what is afterwards said concerning the son that Sarah should bear at the set time of another year, they perceive nothing else than that the Lord’s human rational should be made Divine. Lastly, by the things which Abraham spoke with Jehovah concerning the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, the angels perceive nothing else than the Lord’s intercession for the human race; and by fifty, forty–five, forty, thirty, twenty, and ten, they perceive his intercession for those with whom truths should be adjoined to goods, and who should have goods by means of temptations and combats, or by means of other states. So it is with all other things in the Word, as may be more clearly seen from the explication word by word, where it is shown that in each word similar things are involved in the Word, both historic and prophetic.

[3] That there is such an internal sense everywhere in the Word, which treats solely of the Lord, of his kingdom in the heavens, of his church on earth and in particular with every man, thus treating of the goods of love and truths of faith, may also be seen by everyone from the passages cited by the evangelists from the Old Testament. As in Matthew:

주께서 내 주께 이르시되 내가 네 원수를 네 발 아래에 둘 때까지 내 우편에 앉아 있으라 하셨도다 하였느냐 (마22:44) The Lord said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool (Matt. 22:44; compare Ps. 110:1).  

여호와께서 내 주에게 말씀하시기를 내가 네 원수들로 네 발판이 되게 하기까지 너는 내 오른쪽에 앉아 있으라 하셨도다 (시110:1)

That these words treat of the Lord cannot be apparent in the literal sense of the passage cited, as found in David; but yet that no other than the Lord is meant, he himself here teaches in Matthew.

[4] Again:

또 유대 땅 베들레헴아 너는 유대 고을 중에서 가장 작지 아니하도다 네게서 한 다스리는 자가 나와서 내 백성 이스라엘의 목자가 되리라 하였음이니이다 (마2:6) Thou Bethlehem, the land of Judah, art in no wise least among the leaders of Judah; for out of thee shall come forth a leader, who shall feed my people Israel (Matt. 2:6; compare Micah 5:2).  

베들레헴 에브라다야 너는 유다 족속 중에 작을지라도 이스라엘을 다스릴 자가 네게서 내게로 나올 것이라 그의 근본은 상고에, 영원에 있느니라 (미5:2)

They who abide in the literal sense, as do the Jews, know indeed from this passage that the Lord should be born there; but as they are expecting a leader and a king who will bring them back into the land of Canaan, they therefore explain the words found here according to the letter; that is, by the “land of Judah” they understand the land of Canaan; by “Israel” they understand Israel, although they know not where Israel now is; and by a “leader” they still understand their messiah; when yet other things are meant by “Judah” and “Israel”; namely, by “Judah” those who are celestial, by “Israel,” those who are spiritual, in heaven and on earth; and by the “leader” the Lord.

[5] Again in the same:

라마에서 슬퍼하며 크게 통곡하는 소리가 들리니 라헬이 그 자식을 위하여 애곡하는 것이라 그가 자식이 없으므로 위로 받기를 거절하였도다 함이 이루어졌느니라 (마2:18) A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, a cry, and great wailing; Rachel weeping for her children, and she would not be comforted, because they are not (Matt. 2:18; compare Jer. 31:15).  

여호와께서 이와 같이 말씀하시니라 라마에서 슬퍼하며 통곡하는 소리가 들리니 라헬이 그 자식 때문에 애곡하는 것이라 그가 자식이 없어져서 위로 받기를 거절하는도다 (렘31:15)

They who abide in the literal sense of these words cannot possibly gather from it what is the internal sense; and yet that there is an internal sense is evident in the evangelist. Again:

헤롯이 죽기까지 거기 있었으니 이는 주께서 선지자를 통하여 말씀하신 바 애굽으로부터 내 아들을 불렀다 함을 이루려 하심이라 (마2:15) Out of Egypt have I called my son (Matt. 2:15; compare Hos. 11:1).  

이스라엘이 어렸을 때에 내가 사랑하여 내 아들을 애굽에서 불러냈거늘 (호11:1)

In Hosea it is said:

1이스라엘이 어렸을 때에 내가 사랑하여 내 아들을 애굽에서 불러냈거늘 2선지자들이 그들을 부를수록 그들은 점점 멀리하고 바알들에게 제사하며 아로새긴 우상 앞에서 분향하였느니라 3그러나 내가 에브라임에게 걸음을 가르치고 내 팔로 안았음에도 내가 그들을 고치는 줄을 그들은 알지 못하였도다 (호11:1-3) When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt. They called them, so they went from their faces, and I made Ephraim to go (Hos. 11:1–3).

They who know not that there is an internal sense, cannot know otherwise than that Jacob is here meant when he entered into Egypt, and his posterity when they went out from it, and that by Ephraim is meant the tribe of Ephraim, thus the same things that are in the historicals of the Word; nevertheless it is evident from the Word of the evangelist that they signify the Lord. But what the several particulars signify could not possibly be known unless it were disclosed by means of the internal sense.

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

1984

Few persons can bring themselves to believe that the Word has within it an internal sense that from the letter is not apparent, because it is so remote from the sense of the letter that it is as it were distant from it as heaven is from earth. But that the sense of the letter contains such things within itself, and that it is representative and significative of arcana that no one sees except the Lord, and angels from him, is evident from what has been stated in various places in volume 11 of this work. The sense of the letter bears a relation to the internal sense like that of the human body to the soul. While a man is in the body, and thinks from bodily things, he knows almost nothing about the soul; for the functions of the body are different from those of the soul, so different that if the functions of the soul were disclosed, they would not be acknowledged as such. The case is the same with the internals of the Word: its soul, that is, its life, is in its internals, and these have regard solely to the Lord, his kingdom, the church, and to those things in man that belong to his kingdom and church; and when these are regarded, it is the Word of the Lord, for in this case there is life itself therein. That this is really the case has been confirmed by many things in volume 1, and has been given me to know as a certainty; for no ideas concerning bodily and worldly things can by any possibility pass to the angels, but they are put off and altogether removed at the first threshold, as they leave man; as may be seen in volume 1, from experience itself (n. 1769–1772 inclusive), and also how they are changed (n. 1872–1876).

[2] This may also be sufficiently evident from very many things in the Word that are not at all intelligible in the sense of the letter, and that would not be acknowledged as the Word of the Lord if there were not such a soul and life in them; nor would they appear as Divine to anyone who has not been imbued from infancy with the belief that the Word is inspired and thereby holy. Who would know from the sense of the letter what those things signify which Jacob spoke to his sons just before his death (Gen. 49):

That Dan shall be a serpent upon the way, an adder upon the path, biting the horse’s heels, and his rider shall fall backward (verse 17); that a troop shall ravage Gad, and he shall ravage the heel (verse 19); that Naphtali is a hind let loose, giving discourses of elegance (verse 21); that Judah shall bind his young ass to the vine, and the son of his she-ass to the noble vine; he shall wash his garment in wine, and his vesture in the blood of grapes; his eyes are redder than wine, and his teeth are whiter than milk (Gen. 49:11–12);

and the case is the same with very many passages in the prophets. But what these things signify cannot possibly appear except in the internal sense, in which all things both in general and in particular are coherent in the most beauty order.

[3] The case is the same again with all that the Lord said concerning the last times:

29그 날 환난 후에 즉시 해가 어두워지며 달이 빛을 내지 아니하며 별들이 하늘에서 떨어지며 하늘의 권능들이 흔들리리라 30그 때에 인자의 징조가 하늘에서 보이겠고 그 때에 땅의 모든 족속들이 통곡하며 그들이 인자가 구름을 타고 능력과 큰 영광으로 오는 것을 보리라 (마24:29, 30) In the consummation of the age, the sun shall be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken; and then shall appear the sign of the son of man, and then shall all the tribes of the earth wail (Matt. 24:29–30).

These words by no means signify the darkening of the sun and moon, nor the falling of the stars from heaven, nor the wailing of the tribes; but they signify charity and faith, for in the internal sense these are “the sun and the moon,” and these will be darkened; and they also signify the knowledges of good and truth, for these are “the stars,” which are here called “the powers of the heavens,” and which will thus fall down and vanish; and that so also will all things of faith, which are “the tribes of the earth.” This was shown also in volume 1 (n. 31–32, 1053, 1529–1531, 1808). From these few things the nature of the internal sense of the Word may be seen, and also that it is remote, and in some places very remote, from the sense of the letter. But still the sense of the letter represents truths; and sets forth appearances of truth, in which a man can be when not in the light of truth.

※ (주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

1143

Although these were the names of the nations that constituted the ancient church, yet in the internal sense they mean actual things [res], namely, the worships themselves. In heaven nothing at all is known about the names, countries, nations, and the like; the angels have no idea of such things, but of the actual things signified by them. The Word of the Lord is living by virtue of the internal sense. This is as the soul, of which the external sense is as the body. And just as with man when his body dies the soul lives, and when the soul lives he no longer knows the things that pertain to the body, so when he comes among angels he does not know what the Word is in the sense of the letter, but only what it is in its soul. Such was the man of the most ancient church; who, if he were living and read the Word at the present day, would not cleave at all to the sense of the letter; but would be as if he did not see it, but only the internal sense abstractly from the letter; and indeed as if the letter had no existence. Thus he would be in the life or soul of the Word. It is the same everywhere in the Word, even in its historical parts, which were just such as are narrated, and yet there is not so much as one little word therein that does not, in the internal sense, enfold within it deep secrets which never appear to those who hold the mind in the historical connection. Thus in this chapter by the names, in the literal or historical sense, are meant the peoples that constituted the ancient church, but in the internal sense their doctrinals are signified.