(주3). Both in the wholes and particulars of the Word there is an internal or spiritual sense (n. 1143, 1984, 2135, 2333, 2395, 2495, 4442, 9048, 9063, 9086).

 

 

1143

Although these were the names of the nations that constituted the ancient church, yet in the internal sense they mean actual things [res], namely, the worships themselves. In heaven nothing at all is known about the names, countries, nations, and the like; the angels have no idea of such things, but of the actual things signified by them. The Word of the Lord is living by virtue of the internal sense. This is as the soul, of which the external sense is as the body. And just as with man when his body dies the soul lives, and when the soul lives he no longer knows the things that pertain to the body, so when he comes among angels he does not know what the Word is in the sense of the letter, but only what it is in its soul. Such was the man of the most ancient church; who, if he were living and read the Word at the present day, would not cleave at all to the sense of the letter; but would be as if he did not see it, but only the internal sense abstractly from the letter; and indeed as if the letter had no existence. Thus he would be in the life or soul of the Word. It is the same everywhere in the Word, even in its historical parts, which were just such as are narrated, and yet there is not so much as one little word therein that does not, in the internal sense, enfold within it deep secrets which never appear to those who hold the mind in the historical connection. Thus in this chapter by the names, in the literal or historical sense, are meant the peoples that constituted the ancient church, but in the internal sense their doctrinals are signified.

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,

 (주2). The Lord’s predictions in Matthew (24 and 25), respecting the consummation of the age and His coming, and the consequent successive vastation of the church and the final judgment, are explained in the prefaces to chapters 26–40 of Genesis (n. 3353–3356, 3486–3489, 3650–3655, 3751–3757, 3897–3901, 4056–4060, 4229–4231, 4332–4335, 4422–4424, 4635–4638, 4661–4664, 4807–4810, 4954–4959, 5063–5071).

 

 

CHARITY (마25:37-46)

 

5063

In the preface to the preceding chapter an explication was given of what the Lord said concerning the judgment upon the good and the evil, in Matthew 25, verses 34 to 36. Then follow these words:

 

37이에 의인들이 대답하여 이르되 주여 우리가 어느 때에 주께서 주리신 것을 보고 음식을 대접하였으며 목마르신 것을 보고 마시게 하였나이까 38어느 때에 나그네 되신 것을 보고 영접하였으며 헐벗으신 것을 보고 옷 입혔나이까 39어느 때에 병드신 것이나 옥에 갇히신 것을 보고 가서 뵈었나이까 하리니 40임금이 대답하여 이르시되 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 너희가 여기 내 형제 중에 지극히 작은 자 하나에게 한 것이 곧 내게 한 것이니라 하시고 41또 왼편에 있는 자들에게 이르시되 저주를 받은 자들아 나를 떠나 마귀와 그 사자들을 위하여 예비된 영원한 불에 들어가라 42내가 주릴 때에 너희가 먹을 것을 주지 아니하였고 목마를 때에 마시게 하지 아니하였고 43나그네 되었을 때에 영접하지 아니하였고 헐벗었을 때에 옷 입히지 아니하였고 병들었을 때와 옥에 갇혔을 때에 돌보지 아니하였느니라 하시니 44그들도 대답하여 이르되 주여 우리가 어느 때에 주께서 주리신 것이나 목마르신 것이나 나그네 되신 것이나 헐벗으신 것이나 병드신 것이나 옥에 갇히신 것을 보고 공양하지 아니하더이까 45이에 임금이 대답하여 이르시되 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 이 지극히 작은 자 하나에게 하지 아니한 것이 곧 내게 하지 아니한 것이니라 하시리니 46그들은 영벌에, 의인들은 영생에 들어가리라 하시니라 (마25:37-46) Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry and fed thee, or thirsty and gave thee drink? When saw we thee a stranger and gathered thee, or naked and clothed thee? When saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee? But the king shall say to them, Verily I say to you, Insofar as ye did it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye did it to me. Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me ye cursed into the eternal fire, prepared for the devil and his angels; for I was hungry and ye gave me not to eat, I was thirsty and ye gave me not to drink, I was a stranger and ye gathered me not, naked and ye clothed me not, sick, and in prison, and ye visited me not. Then shall they also answer him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say to you, Insofar as ye did it not to one of these least, ye did it not to me. And these shall go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into life eternal (Matt. 25:37–46).

 

 

5064

In the prefatory remarks to the preceding chapter (n. 4954–4959), it was explained what is signified in the internal sense by “giving meat to the hungry and drink to the thirsty,” by “gathering the stranger, clothing the naked, and visiting the sick and him that is in prison”—that it is the essence of charity which is involved and is thus described. By the “hungry,” the “thirsty,” and the “stranger” is signified the affection of good and truth; and by the “naked,” the “sick,” and “those who are in prison,” self-acknowledgment (see n. 4956, 4958).

 

 

5065

As the same things are thrice repeated in what has already been quoted and explained, it is unnecessary to show in detail, or word by word, what these expressions signify in the internal sense. In this place I will merely state what is signified by the answer made both by those on the right hand, and by those on the left—that they had not seen him hungry, thirsty, a stranger, naked, sick, and in prison; and afterward what is signified by the “king,” and also by the “righteous and eternal life,” and by the “cursed and eternal fire.

 

 

5066

The answer made by those on the right hand:

 

37주여 우리가 어느 때에 주께서 주리신 것을 보고 음식을 대접하였으며 목마르신 것을 보고 마시게 하였나이까 38어느 때에 나그네 되신 것을 보고 영접하였으며 헐벗으신 것을 보고 옷 입혔나이까 39어느 때에 병드신 것이나 옥에 갇히신 것을 보고 가서 뵈었나이까 Lord, when saw we thee hungry and fed thee, or thirsty and gave thee drink? When saw we thee a stranger and gathered thee, or naked and clothed thee? When saw we thee sick, or in prison, and came unto thee?

 

signifies that if they had seen the Lord himself, every one of them would have performed these offices; yet not from love toward him, but from fear because he was to be the judge of the universe; thus not for his sake, but for the sake of themselves; thus not from within or from the heart, but from without and in act only.

 

This is as when one sees a king whose favor he desires to gain in order that he may become great or rich, and therefore bears himself submissively toward him. It is similar with those who are in holy external worship, in which they as it were see the Lord, and submit themselves to him, believing that in this way they will receive eternal life; and yet they have no charity, and do no good to anyone except for their own sake, thus only to themselves. They are like persons who in outward form pay court to their king with much respect, and yet deride his commands because at heart they disregard him. These and similar things are what are signified by those on the right hand so answering; and as the evil also do the like things in outward form, therefore they who were on the left made nearly the same answer.

 

 

5067

As therefore the Lord cares not for external but for internal things, and as man testifies to his internal things, not by worship only, but by charity and its acts, the Lord answered:

 

내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 너희가 여기 내 형제 중에 지극히 작은 자 하나에게 한 것이 곧 내게 한 것이니라 Verily I say to you, Insofar as ye did it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye did it to me;

 

those are called “brethren” who are in the good of charity and of life; for the Lord is with them, because they are in good itself; and it is they who are properly meant by the neighbor. In these also the Lord does not manifest himself, for in respect to him they are vile; but the man manifests himself before the Lord, in that he worships him from within.

 

 

5068

That the Lord calls himself “king,”in these words:

 

인자가 자기 영광으로 올 때에 자기 영광의 보좌에 앉아 그들에게 이르시되 When the son of man shall come in his glory, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory, then shall the king say unto them;

 

is because the Lord’s royalty is the Divine truth, from which and according to which judgment is effected. But from and according to it the good are judged in one way, and the evil in another. The good, because they have received Divine truth, are judged from good, and thus from mercy; the evil, because they have not received Divine truth, are judged from truth, and thus not from mercy; for this they have rejected, and hence they continue to reject it in the other life. To receive Divine truth is not only to have faith, but also to practice it, that is, to cause that which is of doctrine to become of the life. It is from this that the Lord calls himself “king.” (That the Lord’s royalty is the Divine truth has been shown above, n. 1728, 2015, 3009, 3670, 4581, 4966.)

 

 

5069

That they on the right hand are called “the righteous”:

 

이에 의인들이 대답하여 이르되 Then shall the righteous answer him, saying, etc.,

 

의인들은 영생에 들어가리라 The righteous shall go into eternal life;

 

signifies that they are in the Lord’s righteousness. All who are in the good of charity are called the “righteous”—not that they are righteous from themselves, but from the Lord, whose righteousness is appropriated to them. They who believe themselves righteous from themselves, or made so righteous that there is no longer anything of evil in them, are not among the righteous, but among the unrighteous; for they attribute good to themselves, and also feel self-merit on account of it, and such can never adore the Lord from true humiliation; so that those who in the Word are called the “righteous” and the “saints” are those who know and acknowledge that all good is from the Lord, and that all evil is from themselves, that is, is theirs from hell.

 

 

5070

The “eternal life” which is given to the righteous is life from good. Good has life in itself, because it is from the Lord, who is life itself. In the life which is from the Lord there are wisdom and intelligence; for to receive good from the Lord and thence to will good is wisdom; and to receive truth from the Lord and thence to believe truth is intelligence; and they who have this wisdom and intelligence have life; and as happiness is joined to such life, eternal happiness also is signified by “life.” The contrary is the case with those who are in evil. These do indeed appear—especially to themselves—as if they had life, but it is such life as in the Word is called “death,” and also is spiritual death; for they are not wise in any good, nor intelligent in any truth. This may be seen by everyone who takes the matter into consideration, for as there is life in good and in its truth, there cannot be life in evil and in its falsity, because these are opposite and extinguish life. Therefore the persons in question have no other life than such as belongs to the insane.

 

 

5071

That they on the left hand are called “cursed,” and their punishment “eternal fire,” as where it is said:

 

또 왼편에 있는 자들에게 이르시되 저주를 받은 자들아 나를 떠나 마귀와 그 사자들을 위하여 예비된 영원한 불에 들어가라 Then shall he say also unto them on the left hand, Depart from me ye cursed into the eternal fire, prepared for the devil and his angels;

 

그들은 영벌에 들어가리라 These shall go away into eternal punishment;

 

is because they have averted themselves from good and truth, and have turned to evil and falsity. A “curse” in the internal sense of the Word, signifies a turning away (n. 245, 379, 1423, 3530, 3584). The “eternal fire” into which they must depart is not natural fire, nor is it torment of conscience, but is lust of evil; for the lusts in man are spiritual fires which consume him in the life of the body, and torment him in the other life. By these fires the infernals torture one another in direful ways.

 

[2] That “eternal fire” is not natural fire is evident. That it is not torment of conscience is because all who are in evil have no conscience, and they who have had none in the life of the body cannot have any in the other life. But that it is lust is because all vital fire is from the loves in man—heavenly fire from the love of good and truth, and infernal fire from the love of evil and falsity—or what is the same, heavenly fire is from love to the Lord and love toward the neighbor, and infernal fire is from the love of self and the love of the world. That all the fire or heat within man is from this source, anyone may know if he pays attention to the matter. It is for this reason also that love is called spiritual heat, and that by “fire” and “heat” in the Word nothing else is signified (n. 934e, 1297, 1527, 1528, 1861, 2446, 4906). The vital fire in the evil is such that when they are in the vehemence of their lusts, they are also in a kind of fire, from which they are in the ardor and fury of tormenting others; but the vital fire in the good is such that when in a high degree of affection, they also are in a kind of fire, but from it they are in the love and zeal of benefiting others.

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,

 (주2). The Lord’s predictions in Matthew (24 and 25), respecting the consummation of the age and His coming, and the consequent successive vastation of the church and the final judgment, are explained in the prefaces to chapters 26–40 of Genesis (n. 3353–3356, 3486–3489, 3650–3655, 3751–3757, 3897–3901, 4056–4060, 4229–4231, 4332–4335, 4422–4424, 4635–4638, 4661–4664, 4807–4810, 4954–4959, 5063–5071).

 

 

CHARITY (마25:34-36)

 

4954

In the prefatory remarks to the preceding chapter, the Lord’s words in Matthew 25, verses 31 to 33, concerning the judgment upon the good and the evil were unfolded (see n. 4807–4810). There now come to be unfolded the words which there follow in order, namely:

 

34그 때에 임금이 그 오른편에 있는 자들에게 이르시되 내 아버지께 복 받을 자들이여 나아와 창세로부터 너희를 위하여 예비된 나라를 상속받으라 35내가 주릴 때에 너희가 먹을 것을 주었고 목마를 때에 마시게 하였고 나그네 되었을 때에 영접하였고 36헐벗었을 때에 옷을 입혔고 병들었을 때에 돌보았고 옥에 갇혔을 때에 와서 보았느니라 (마25:34-36) Then shall the king say to them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my father, possess the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world; for I was hungry, and ye gave me to eat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye gathered me; naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, and ye came unto me (Matt. 25:34–36).

 

 

4955

이들 본문에 들어있는 속뜻은 이제 이어질 내용을 보시면 되는데요, 먼저 아셔야 할 것은, 여기 순서대로 주욱 나열된 행위들은 바로 체어리티의 행위들이라는 것입니다. 이것은 말씀의 속뜻에 익숙하지 않은 사람은 아무도 알 수 없는 건데요, 즉

 

35내가 주릴 때에 너희가 먹을 것을 주었고 목마를 때에 마시게 하였고 나그네 되었을 때에 영접하였고 36헐벗었을 때에 옷을 입혔고 병들었을 때에 돌보았고 옥에 갇혔을 때에 와서 보았느니라

 

하신 이 말씀이 의미하는 게 뭔지를 말입니다. 이런 행위들을 그저 겉 글자의 뜻으로만 생각하는 사람은 이 행위들은 겉보기에 그냥 평범한 선행일뿐 거기 무슨 다른 비밀이 있을 수 있나 합니다만, 그러나 이 하나하나의 행위에는 어떤 비의(秘義, secret), 곧 신성(神性, Divine)이 들어있습니다. 주님의 말씀이기 때문이지요. 그러나 오늘날 이 비의는 이해되지 않습니다. 오늘날엔 체어리티의 교리가 없기 때문인데요, 사람들이 신앙(faith, 믿음)에서 체어리티를 분리해 온 이래 이들 교리는 사라졌고, 이 교리들이 있던 자리를 신앙(믿음)의 교리가 대신 고안되어 받아들여져 왔기 때문입니다. 이 후자의 교리는 체어리티가 무엇이며, 이웃이 무엇인지를 전혀 가르치지 않습니다. 고대인들 사이에 있었던 교리들은 체어리티의 모든 종(種, species)과 속(屬, genera)을 가르쳤고, 체어리티가 베풀어져야 할 이웃이 누구이며, 어떤 사람이 다른 사람과 어느 정도로, 그리고 어떤 면에서 어떻게 이웃인지를, 그리고 그 결과 체어리티의 실천이 여러 다른 사람들에게 어떻게 다양하게 적용되어야 하는지를 가르쳤습니다. 이 교리들은 또한 이웃을 여러 클래스로 그룹지어 이름들을 주었는데요, 부르기를 가난한 사람들(the poor), 궁핍한 사람들(needy), 불행한 사람들(miserable), 고난 중에 있는 사람들(afflicted)로, 또 어떤 그룹들은 앞 못 보는 사람들(the blind), 다리 저는 사람들(lame), 장애를 가진 사람들(halt), 고아들(fatherless), 과부들(widows)로, 또 어떤 그룹은 굶주린 사람들(the hungry), 목마른 사람들(thirsty), 나그네들(strangers), 헐벗은 사람들(naked), 병든 사람들(sick), 옥에 갇힌 사람들(bound) 등으로 불렀습니다. 이런 식으로 그들은 이 사람과 저 사람을 향해 자신들이 어떤 의무를 지고 있는지를 알았는데요, 그러나 앞서도 말씀드렸듯, 이들 교리들이 이젠 사라졌고, 그와 함께 말씀에 대한 이해도 사라져서, 즉 말씀을 속뜻으로 볼 줄 아는 능력이 사라져서, 오늘날은 말씀에 나오는 이 ‘가난한 자들’, ‘과부들’, ‘고아들’이라는 표현들이 그런 이름으로 불린다는 것 말고 무슨 다른 의미, 즉 비의가 있음을 아는 사람은 아무도 없는 실정입니다. 오늘 본문, ‘주린 자들’, ‘목마른 자들’, ‘나그네들’, ‘헐벗은 자들’, ‘병든 자들’ 및 ‘옥에 갇힌 자들’ 역시 그 비의를 모르기는 마찬가지입니다. 하지만 그럼에도 불구하고 이들 체어리티는 그 본질 그대로 설명되어야 하며, 그 실천 역시 실천에 생명이 있는 것처럼 해야 합니다. What these words involve in the internal sense will appear from what follows. Be it known in the first place that the works here enumerated are the very works of charity in their order. This no one can see who is not acquainted with the internal sense of the Word, that is, who does not know what is meant by giving the hungry to eat, giving the thirsty to drink, gathering the stranger, clothing the naked, visiting the sick, and coming unto those who are in prison. He who thinks of these acts from the sense of the letter only, infers that they mean good works in the external form, and that there is nothing secret in them beyond this; and yet there is something secret in each of them, which is Divine, because from the Lord. But the secret is not at this day understood, because at this day there are no doctrinals of charity; for ever since men have separated charity from faith, these doctrinals have perished, and in place of them the doctrinals of faith have been invented and received, which do not at all teach what charity is and what the neighbor. The doctrinals existing among the ancients taught all the genera and all the species of charity, and also who the neighbor is toward whom charity is to be exercised, and how one is the neighbor in a different degree and in a different respect from another, and consequently how the exercise of charity varies in its application toward different persons. They also grouped the neighbor together into classes, and assigned them names, calling some the poor, needy, miserable, afflicted; some the blind, lame, halt, and also fatherless and widows; and others the hungry, thirsty, strangers, naked, sick, bound, and so on; thus knowing what duty they owed toward one and toward another. But as before said these doctrinals perished, and with them the understanding of the Word, insomuch that no one at this day knows otherwise than that by the “poor,” the “widows,” and the “fatherless,” in the Word, none other are meant than they who are so called; in like manner here by the “hungry,” the “thirsty,” the “strangers,” the “naked,” the “sick,” and those who are “in prison”; when yet by these charity is described such as it is in its essence, and the exercise of it such as it must be in its life.

 

 

4956

이웃을 향한 체어리티의 본질은 선과 진리에 관한 애정(the affection of good and truth)이며, 자아를 악과 거짓으로 인식하는 것(the acknowledgment of self as being evil and false)입니다. 네, 그렇습니다. 이웃은 선과 진리 그 자체이며, 선과 진리에 의해 영향받는 것이 곧 체어리티를 갖는 것입니다.

 

※ ‘이웃은 선과 진리 그 자체’라는 말은 아마도 천국은 주님의 신성, 곧 선과 진리로 이루어진 나라라는 사실을 말하는 것 같습니다. 그 나라에서는 주님의 선과 진리가 ‘이웃’이기 때문이지요. 즉 주님의 선과 진리에 대한 천국에서의 태도를 지상에서는 체어리티라고 한다는 것으로 저는 이해가 됩니다.

 

이웃의 반대는 악과 거짓이며, 이 악과 거짓은 체어리티를 가진 사람이 싫어하는 것입니다. 이런 이유로 이웃을 향한 체어리티를 가진 사람은 선과 진리에 의해 영향을 받는데요, 이 선과 진리는 주님으로부터 오기 때문이며, 또한 악하고 거짓된 것을 싫어하는데, 그 이유는 악과 거짓은 자아로 말미암기 때문입니다. 그가 이것을 하면, 곧 체어리티의 사람이 되어 자아로 말미암는 악과 거짓을 싫어하는 사람이 되면 그는 자인(自認)으로 인한 굴욕 가운데 있게(in humiliation from self-acknowledgment) 되는데, 바로 그때 그는 주님으로 말미암는 선과 진리를 받는 상태가 됩니다.

 

※ ‘자인(自認)으로 인한 굴욕 가운데 있게 된다’는 건, 원래 사람은 그 본성상 자아를 부인하는 걸 좋아하는 존재가 아니기에 ‘제 안에는 선과 진리가 없어요. 저는 본질적으로 악하고 거짓된 존재입니다.’ 이렇게 시인하는 건 어찌 보면 참 굴욕적이라는, 그런 말이 아닐까 합니다. 그러나 역설적이게도 사람이 주님 앞에 이렇게 자기를 부인할 수 있어야 비로소 그는 주님의 모든 좋은 것을 받을 수 있게 되지요.

 

이런 것이 다음 주님의 말씀, ‘내가 주릴 때에 너희가 먹을 것을 주었고 목마를 때에 마시게 하였고 나그네 되었을 때에 영접하였고 헐벗었을 때에 옷을 입혔고 병들었을 때에 돌보았고 옥에 갇혔을 때에 와서 보았느니라’에 들어있는 체어리티의, 속뜻으로 본 특징들입니다. 이 말씀들이 그런 내용을 포함하고 있다는 사실을 속뜻이 아니고서는 아무도 알 수 없습니다. 체어리티의 교리들을 갖고 있었던 고대인들은 이런 것들을 알고 있었습니다만 그러나 오늘날 이런 사실은 너무도 엉뚱해 보여 그 안에 이런 내용이 들어있다는 말을 들으면 다들 어리둥절해할 것입니다. 게다가 천사들, 사람한테 와있는 천사들은 이 말씀들을 다른 방식으로는 지각조차 못 하는데요,

 

※ ‘사람한테 와있는 천사들’(the angels who are with man), 모든 사람한테는 저마다 천사 둘, 악한 영 둘이 와있습니다. 이는 다음과 같은 사실들로 말미암는 건데요, 먼저 사람은 ‘의지’(will)와 ‘이해’(understanding)가 있어 사람이며, 둘째, 천국은 두 나라, 곧 천적(天的, celestial, 의지, 선, 사랑 등) 나라와 영적(靈的, spiritual, 이해, 진리, 신앙 등) 나라로 되어 있고, 지옥 역시 그에 대응하는 두 지옥으로 되어 있다는 사실입니다. 그래서 천적 천국과 그에 대응하는 지옥에서 각각 천사 하나, 악령 하나, 영적 천국과 그에 대응하는 지옥에서 각각 천사 하나, 악령 하나, 이렇게 둘씩 와있는 것이며, 천사들은 와서 그 사람의 선한 기억과 생각 속으로, 악령들은 와서 그 사람의 악한 기억과 생각 속으로 들어가게 됩니다. 이렇게 해서 모든 사람은 천사들을 통해서는 주님 및 천국과, 악령들을 통해서는 지옥과 결합한 상태로 살아가는 것입니다. 참고로, 각 사람에게 와있는 천사들과 악령들은 그 사람의 기억과 생각을 자기 걸로 압니다. 모든 피조물은 누구나 자기 걸 소중히 여기므로 그렇게 해서 그 사람의 모든 기억과 생각 또한 저들에게 보호받게 하시려는 주님의 배려라고 합니다.

 

천사들은 ‘주린 사람들’(the hungry) 하면, 애정을 가지고 선을 간절히 원하는 사람들로 지각하고, ‘목마른 사람들’(the thirsty) 하면, 애정을 가지고 진리를 간절히 원하는 사람들로, ‘나그네’(a stranger) 하면, 기꺼이 가르침을 받고자 하는 사람을, ‘헐벗은 사람들’(the naked) 하면 자신들 안에 아무런 선과 진리가 없음을 시인하는 사람들을, ‘병든 사람들’(the sick) 하면, 자신들 안에 악밖에 없음을 시인하는 사람들을, ‘결박, 즉 옥에 갇힌 사람들’(the bound or those who are in prison) 하면, 자신들 안에 거짓밖에 없음을 시인하는 사람들로 지각하기 때문입니다. 이런 내용들을 한 문장으로 요약한 것이 바로 위에 주욱 말씀드린 내용입니다. The essence of charity toward the neighbor is the affection of good and truth, and the acknowledgment of self as being evil and false; yea, the neighbor is good and truth itself, and to be affected by these is to have charity. The opposite to the neighbor is evil and falsity, which are held in aversion by one who has charity. He therefore who has charity toward the neighbor is affected by good and truth, because they are from the Lord, and holds in aversion what is evil and what is false because these are from self; and when he does this, he is in humiliation from self-acknowledgment, and when he is in humiliation, he is in a state of reception of good and truth from the Lord. These are the characteristics of charity which in the internal sense are involved in these words of the Lord: “I was hungry, and ye gave me to eat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye gathered me; naked, and ye clothed me; I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison, and ye came unto me.” That these words involve such things, no one can know except from the internal sense. The ancients, who had the doctrinals of charity, knew these things; but at this day they appear so remote that everyone will wonder at its being said that these things are within. Moreover, the angels who are with man perceive these words no otherwise, for by the “hungry” they perceive those who from affection desire good; by the “thirsty,” those who from affection desire truth; by a “stranger,” those who are willing to be instructed; by the “naked,” those who acknowledge that there is nothing of good and of truth in themselves; by the “sick,” those who acknowledge that in themselves there is nothing but evil; and by the “bound,” or those who are “in prison,” those who acknowledge that in themselves there is nothing but falsity. If these things are reduced into one meaning, they signify what has been stated just above.

 

 

4957

From all this it is evident that there were Divine things within everything the Lord said, although to those who are in merely worldly things, and especially to those who are in bodily things, his words appear to be such as any man might say. Nay, they who are in bodily things will say of these and all other words of the Lord, that they have not so much grace, and therefore not so much weight, as the discourse and preaching of those of the present age who speak with eloquence and learning; when yet their discourse and preaching are like the husk and chaff in comparison with the kernel and grain.

 

 

4958

That “to hunger” is from affection to desire good is because “bread” in the internal sense is the good of love and of charity, and “food” in general is good (n. 2165, 2177, 3478, 4211, 4217, 4735). That “to thirst” is from affection to desire truth is because “wine” and also “water” denote the truth of faith (that it is so with “wine,” see above n. 1071, 1798; and with “water,” n. 2702). That a “stranger” is one who is willing to be instructed, may also be seen above (n. 1463, 4444). That the “naked” means one who acknowledges that there is nothing of good or truth in himself, the “sick” one who acknowledges that he is in evil, and the “bound,” or he that is “in prison,” one who acknowledges that he is in falsity is plain from the many passages in the Word in which they are mentioned.

 

 

4959

The reason why the Lord says these things of himself is that he is in those who are such, and therefore he also says:

 

임금이 대답하여 이르시되 내가 진실로 너희에게 이르노니 너희가 여기 내 형제 중에 지극히 작은 자 하나에게 한 것이 곧 내게 한 것이니라 하시고 (마25:40) Verily I say unto you, Insofar as ye have done it to one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it to me (Matt. 25:40).

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